Prevalence of Occupational Allergies among Dentists of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Objective: Occupational allergies pose a serious health risk to dental healthcare professionals such as physicians, dentists, assistants and technicians due to frequent exposure to allergens like latex, chemical and dust from various materials. Reactions can range from contact dermatitis to anaphylaxis to severe life threatening situations. To evaluate the prevalence, triggering allergens, clinical manifestations, and management of occupational and general allergies among dentists in Pakistan.

Methodology: A cross sectional survey was conducted with 282 dentists across Pakistan using prevalidated questionnaire focusing on general and occupational allergies allergens, symptoms and treatments. Participants induced male and female dentists of varied experience levels. Chi square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to assess associations with p < 0.05 as statistically significant.

Results: Among participants, 27% (n=76) reported general allergies while 22.7% (n=64) experiences occupational allergies. Mites (32.89%, n=25) and food (23.68%, n=18) were the most common general allergens. Occupational allergens were dominated by natural rubber latex (65.63%, n=42) and cleaning products (59.38%, n=38). Dermatological manifestations (75%, n=57) were the most frequent and respiratory issues affected over half (51.32%, n=39) of the allergic participants. Females and those with <10 years of experience were significantly more affected. Treatments primarily included oral histamines (53.1%, n=34) and topical corticosteroids (28.1%, n=18).

Conclusion: This study emphasizes occupational allergies as a significant issue aiming Pakistani dentist, predominantly affecting skin and respiratory systems. Protective measures, alternate materials and standardized allergy management protocols to safeguard dental professionals health and productivity should be utilized.